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School of Stoics

Epictetus Enchiridion

Epictetus: Duties are universally measured by relations.…

Duties are universally measured by relations. Is anyone a father? If so, it is implied that the children should take care of him, submit to him in everything, patiently listen to his reproaches, his correction. But he is a bad father.

The passage follows a public-domain translation of the Enchiridion. The reading beside it is ours.

Relationships create responsibilities, but they do not erase judgment. Being someone's child, parent, colleague, or friend tells you something about the care, respect, and patience you owe them. Epictetus begins with that relational duty rather than with the other person's perfection. A difficult father is still your father; that may call for basic respect or practical care. But this should not be read as permission for abuse, domination, or endless self-sacrifice. Modern boundaries matter, especially where safety is at risk. The useful question is: What does my role ask of me that is honorable and actually within my power? It may mean listening without returning cruelty. It may mean helping with a need. It may also mean creating distance while refusing hatred. Let relationships guide your conduct, but do not let another person's bad behavior dictate your character or endanger your well-being.

Justice Courage Patience Anger Loneliness

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