Seneca Moral essays
Seneca: The man did it because he was ordered to do it.…
The man did it because he was ordered to do it. Who but an unjust person can be angry with what is done under compulsion? You had hurt him: well, there is no wrong in suffering the pain which you have been the first to inflict.
The passage follows a public-domain translation of Seneca’s moral essays. The reading beside it is ours.
Before you direct your anger at someone, understand how much choice they had. People often act under orders, financial pressure, fear, or constraints you cannot see. The employee enforcing a policy may dislike it too. The family member who finally pushes back may be reacting to harm you began. This does not make every action acceptable, but it changes where responsibility belongs. Anger becomes unfair when it ignores power and causation. We want the world to be simple: a villain harmed me, therefore I may strike back. Reality is often more tangled. Today, when someone frustrates you, ask what forces may be acting on them and whether you have contributed to the conflict. Then direct your response toward the actual source of the problem. Understanding context does not weaken justice; it makes justice more accurate and less cruel.
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